Examining the evolving political dynamics post-370 abrogation and advocating for progressive approaches to governance and campaign strategies in Jammu and Kashmir

This article examines the evolving political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir, emphasizing the need for modernized campaign strategies and inclusive governance. In the backdrop of the 2024 Parliamentary Election in Jammu and Kashmir, the political landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, From the historical consolidation of hegemony to the recent abolition of Article 370, the region’s politics has been marked by emotive issues and a disconnect between politicians and the public. In response, the article advocates for dynamic, data-driven approaches that address the region’s developmental, economic, and social challenges. It highlights the importance of engaging with grassroots communities and prioritizing issues such as healthcare, education, economic opportunities, and environmental conservation. Ultimately, the article argues that the future prosperity of Jammu and Kashmir depends on embracing innovation and inclusive leadership to meet the aspirations of its people.
Following the restructuring of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories in 2019, the political landscape necessitates a shift away from obsolete election campaign techniques. With the region’s complex historical, socio-psychological, and economic dynamics, standard strategies are no longer sufficient for connecting with the heterogeneous electorate. Given the strategic importance, sensitive borders, and cultural richness, political leaders must employ modern techniques and customize their messaging to effectively reach and resonate with the electorate. It is time for a change to more up-to-date and precise techniques of political participation in Jammu and Kashmir.
Introduction
The political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir has long been turned by complex socio-political forces, with elections functioning as both an arena for conflict and a forum for resolving the region’s numerous difficulties. From their inception to recent constitutional revisions, political parties have negotiated an environment challenged with conflict, identity politics, and governance challenges. Despite this, there is still a pressing need for a paradigm shift in campaign strategy—a shift toward dynamic and progressive content that connects with the masses and creates solution solution-oriented approach.
Establishment and Consolidation (1947–1957)
The early years of political establishment in Jammu and Kashmir witnessed the rise of parties such as the National Conference and the Indian National Congress, which advocated for integration with India while preserving regional autonomy. During this period, the focus was on consolidating power, implementing development projects, and dealing with security challenges. However, the narrative of governance and progress frequently took priority over grassroots engagement and addressing the different needs of the people.
Demand for Pluralism and Accountability (1967–1983)
As the demand for political plurality increased, so did the need for parties to take a more inclusive and accountable approach to government. The 1967 elections constituted an important moment, with opposition parties highlighting problems and advocating for greater participation in politics. Subsequent elections saw leadership changes and threats to established parties’ dominance, demanding a more dynamic and flexible campaigning strategy.
Turning Point and Escalation of Conflict (1987-1996)
The 1987 elections were a historical moment, with claims of cheating feeding hatred and contributing to the region’s violent escalation. This time demonstrated the necessity of combating electoral fraud and promoting trust in democratic processes. The subsequent restoration of faith in democratic processes during the 1996 elections indicated a desire for stability and reconciliation, stressing the need for parties to take a more progressive and inclusive approach to governing.
Shifts in Political Dynamics (2002-2019)
Between 2002 and 2019, Jammu and Kashmir had substantial upheavals in political dynamics, with the development of new parties such as the People’s Democratic Party. Coalition governments were formed, including alliances with the INC in 2002 and the NDA in 2014. However, both tenures were unable to complete their full five-year terms, with promises of development remaining unfulfilled due to splits within the coalition government. Parties used topics including governance, and national security to gain support, reflecting changing desires and responses to a changing political environment. However, despite these changes, there was still a critical requirement for parties to engage with the masses in a more dynamic and progressive manner and should adopt the new political marketing approaches.
Abrogation of Article 370: A Call to Progressive Leadership
The abrogation of Article 370 in 2019 signified a shift in India’s policy towards Jammu and Kashmir. This constitutional change pointed out long-standing concerns and the need for progressive leadership capable of addressing the region’s complex issues. Following this progression, new parties emerged, such as the Apni Party and the Democratic Azad Party (DAP). However, it’s important to note that while these parties have adopted new identities, they are not entirely new to Jammu and Kashmir politics.”
As Jammu & Kashmir deals with political issues revolving around the environment of conflict, identity politics, and governance issues, political parties must adopt a more dynamic and creative approach to campaigning. This requires interacting with the public, resolving their concerns, and instilling trust in democratic procedures. Political parties that promote progress and inclusivity can not only communicate the region’s challenging socio-political dynamics, but also help to establish a more stable, prosperous, and equitable future for Jammu and Kashmir.
The narrative of Jammu and Kashmir’s political history has long been influenced by common subjects, including self-rule, autonomy, conflict with Pakistan, militancy, Article 370, and the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits, among others. These problems, which are deeply rooted in the region’s political content, have influenced electoral campaigns and public discourse for decades. However, with the recent upheaval in the political environment following the repeal of Article 370 and the reorganization of the state into Union Territories, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in political message. For years, Jammu and Kashmir politicians have used outdated strategies, often tampering with emotive issues to gain support. The communication gap between politicians and people in general has been expanding.
As candidates and parties gear up for the 2024 Parliamentary Election, they must heed the call for modernization and people-centric political strategies. The era of geo-digital politics necessitates an advanced comprehension of data-driven strategies and effective communication channels. Politicians must shift their focus away from outdated narratives and toward addressing the region’s serious developmental, economic, and social concerns. To make significant progress, Kashmiri leaders must take a dynamic, people-oriented approach. This means connecting with grassroots communities, listening to their issues, and developing policies that connect with their needs. It is time to transition from outdated to inclusive governance that prioritizes the well-being of all residents, regardless of background or beliefs.
Conclusion:
The 2024 Parliamentary Election presents a pivotal moment for Jammu and Kashmir to chart a new course towards progress and inclusivity. The political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir stands at a junction, with the future holding promise for positive change. By embracing modernity, adopting a data-driven approach, and focusing on genuine developmental issues such as employment, pollution control, and sustainable growth, Kashmiri politicians can steer the region towards a brighter and more prosperous future. It is time to leave behind the outdated politics of the past and embrace a new era of progress and inclusivity. Development and sustainability should take centre stage in political debate. The people of Kashmir, require greater facilities healthcare, education, and economic possibilities. Furthermore, environmental conservation and green activities should be addressed to protect the region’s vulnerable ecosystem for future generations. The future of Jammu and Kashmir is dependent on its politicians’ capacity to accept innovation and progress. They may build a path to success and sustainability by leveraging data, and technology, and advancing data sciences. It is time to break free from the constraints of old politics and escort in a new age of inclusive leadership guided by people’s aspirations. As Kashmir stands at an intersection of transition, let us seize the chance to create a brighter and more prosperous future for all citizens.
The writer is a research scholar of Journalism and Mass Communication and campaign strategist. He can be reached at [email protected]

Aaqib Hamid