As fish farming continues to flourish in the valley, it offers a sustainable and lucrative alternative to traditional employment

Shankerpora, a cosy village tucked just 10 kilometres from the charming town of Anantnag, is home to Ab Rashid Lone and his family. Surrounded by breathtaking landscapes, pristine waters, and snow-capped mountains, this idyllic setting has witnessed a heartwarming transformation with the growth of fish farming.
Ab Rashid Lone’s story is one of resilience, determination, and success in the world of fish farming. His fish farm at Shankerpora, located on the Anantnag-Dooru road, stands as a testament to the potential of aquaculture in the area. With a little help from the government’s Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampadha Yojana (PMMSY) Scheme, he has expanded his operation from a single fish pond to managing multiple ponds, reflecting the burgeoning fish farming industry in Anantnag district and the broader Kashmir valley.
This transformation has brought a warm and welcome change to the lives of Ab Rashid Lone and his loved ones, as well as to many other families in the village. Fish farming is now a major source of livelihood for many people in Shankerpora, providing them with a steady income and a better quality of life.
The success of Ab Rashid Lone and other fish farmers in Shankerpora is a shining example of how aquaculture can transform rural communities and boost economic growth. It is also a testament to the resilience and determination of the people of Kashmir, who have overcome many challenges to build a better future for themselves.
Lone’s path to success
Ab Rashid Lone’s journey into fish farming began with a single fish pond of his own. Like many others in the area, he faced challenges in finding stable employment. At times, the thought of leaving Kashmir in search of better opportunities crossed his mind. However, the changing dynamics in the valley, coupled with government support, reshaped his perspective.
Under the PMMSY Scheme, the government offered subsidies for the construction of fish units. Ab Rashid Lone, inspired by the success of his initial venture, expanded his operation to include three more ponds, with government assistance. This scheme not only helped him secure his family’s financial stability but also provided employment opportunities for others.
Ab Rashid Lone emphasises that anyone with access to a stable water source and suitable conditions for fish growth can benefit from this scheme. He envisions a future where more Kashmiri youth engage in fish farming and other similar ventures, gradually reducing their dependence on government jobs.
Booming fish farming industry
Ab Rashid Lone’s story is just one example of the growing fish farming industry in Kashmir. The valley’s history of fish farming dates back to the early 1900s when the first batch of trout eggs arrived from Scotland. The successful introduction of trout into the valley’s cold, clear streams laid the foundation for the fishery’s popularity among both locals and tourists.
The Department of Fisheries, established in 1903, played a pivotal role in managing and developing the trout fishery. Hatcheries, rearing stations, and infrastructure development improved fish production. Over the years, fish farming expanded beyond government initiatives and became a thriving private-sector enterprise.
In the 1970s, the Department of Fisheries actively promoted fish farming in the private sector. Farmers received support in the form of seed, feed, training, and infrastructure development. This approach led to a significant rise in fish farming activities, contributing to the Kashmiri economy.
Today, fish farming in Kashmir includes a diverse range of species, such as trout, carp, and catfish. It provides employment to thousands and generates substantial revenue for the region. Moreover, it meets the rising demand for fish in Kashmir.
Government support and schemes
The success of fish farming in Kashmir can be attributed in large part to government support and initiatives. The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampadha Yojana (PMMSY) Scheme, introduced by the government, offers subsidies for various aspects of fish farming. Under this scheme, subsidies for the construction of trout units and carp ponds are provided, making it an attractive opportunity for aspiring fish farmers.
Additionally, the government has established mother trout fish farming projects and funded the creation of numerous fish ponds in the private sector. These measures not only empower individuals like Ab Rashid Lone but also contribute to the overall development of the aquaculture industry in Kashmir.
Global history of fish farming
Fish farming, also known as aquaculture, has a rich and ancient history that spans across the world. The earliest evidence of fish farming originates from China around 3000 BC, where carp were cultivated in ponds. This practice later spread to civilisations in Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
In Europe, fish farming became prevalent during the Middle Ages, used for both sustenance and religious purposes. The 19th century marked the development of fish farming in North America and other regions.
Today, fish farming is a global industry responsible for over half of the world’s seafood production. Leading producers include China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the United States. Common fish species farmed include carp, salmon, trout, tuna, and shellfish.
Fish Farming in the Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent has a long history of fish farming dating back to the Indus Valley Civilisation (2500-1500 BC). Ancient Sanskrit texts provide detailed descriptions of fish culture techniques, reflecting the importance of fish farming in early Indian societies.
During the medieval period, fish farming continued to thrive, with Mughal emperors promoting it as a source of food and revenue. British rule in India introduced new technologies and practices, further enhancing the fish farming sector.
After gaining independence in 1947, the Indian government prioritised aquaculture to boost fish production and meet growing demand. Subsidies and development programs were introduced to support fish farmers. India is now a major global producer of farmed fish, contributing to the livelihoods of millions.
Kashmir – a thriving hub for fish farming
In Kashmir, fish farming has found fertile ground for growth. The introduction of trout eggs from Scotland in the early 1900s marked the beginning of a successful venture. Over the years, the Department of Fisheries and government initiatives have nurtured a thriving industry.
Kashmir’s natural resources, including rivers, lakes, and streams, provide ideal environments for trout and other fish species. The valley’s cold, clear waters are conducive to fish growth, making it a prime location for aquaculture.
Today, Kashmir stands as one of the leading producers of farmed fish in India. A variety of species, including Indian major carp and shrimp are cultivated here. Fish farming is not only a source of income but also a means of food production for many Kashmiri families.
Conclusion
The success story of Ab Rashid Lone and the rich history of fish farming in Kashmir underscores the transformative power of aquaculture. Government support, coupled with the valley’s natural resources, has created a thriving industry that empowers individuals and contributes to the economic growth of Kashmir.
As fish farming continues to flourish in the valley, it offers a sustainable and lucrative alternative to traditional employment. The ancient practice of fish farming, dating back thousands of years, has found new life in the tranquil landscapes of Kashmir, shaping the future of its people and its economy.
The writer can be reached at [email protected]

Shakeel Bin Ali