The day is more than just a tribute to a great statistician; it is a celebration of the power of data in shaping a better future

On June 29th, India commemorates National Statistics Day, dedicated to recognizing the vital role that statistics and statisticians play in the nation’s development. This annual celebration marks the birth anniversary of the legendary statistician, Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, whose pioneering work laid the foundation for modern statistical science in India. As the country celebrates this day, it is an opportune moment to reflect on the significance of statistics in shaping public policy, driving economic growth, and improving the quality of life for millions.

Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893-1972) was a visionary who understood the power of data long before “big data” became a buzzword. Born in Calcutta, he was a mathematician and statistician of international repute. His contributions to the field of statistics were not only groundbreaking but also deeply influential in the formulation of India’s Five-Year Plans. Mahalanobis is best known for the Mahalanobis Distance, a statistical measure that has found applications in various fields, including finance, anthropology, and machine learning. However, his most significant contribution was the establishment of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931, which became a world-renowned centre for research and training in statistics. Under his leadership, the ISI played a crucial role in planning and policy-making in India. He introduced innovative techniques for large-scale sample surveys, which were instrumental in collecting reliable data for economic planning. His work earned him numerous accolades, including the prestigious Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian award.

In today’s data-driven world, the importance of statistics cannot be overstated. From government policies and economic forecasts to healthcare and education, statistics provide the backbone for informed decision-making. National Statistics Day serves as a reminder of how critical this field is to the functioning of modern society. Economic planning is one of the most prominent areas where statistics play a crucial role. Governments rely on statistical data to craft policies that drive economic growth, reduce poverty, and enhance living standards. In India, the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) are key agencies responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating statistical data. For instance, GDP growth rates, inflation rates, employment figures, and industrial production indices are all statistical measures that help policymakers gauge the health of the economy. Accurate data enables the government to allocate resources efficiently, identify sectors that need support, and monitor the impact of economic policies.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of reliable statistical data in managing public health crises. Statistics were crucial in tracking the spread of the virus, understanding infection rates, and making decisions about lockdowns and vaccinations. Data on infection rates, recovery rates, and mortality rates provided the basis for public health strategies worldwide. In India, organizations like the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) used statistical data to track the pandemic’s progression and implement measures to curb its spread. The importance of accurate health statistics extends beyond pandemics to include areas such as maternal and child health, disease prevention, and healthcare delivery.

Statistics also play a pivotal role in the education sector. Data on literacy rates, school enrollment, dropout rates, and educational attainment help in formulating policies that aim to improve the quality of education. Such data is essential for identifying gaps in the education system, allocating resources, and monitoring the impact of educational programs. Social development initiatives, including poverty alleviation, gender equality, and social justice, also depend heavily on statistical data. Programs aimed at improving living standards and reducing inequalities require precise data to measure their effectiveness and make necessary adjustments.

While the importance of statistics is widely acknowledged, the process of collecting and analyzing data is fraught with challenges. Ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of statistical data is a complex task that requires robust methodologies and skilled personnel. One of the biggest challenges in statistical data collection is ensuring accuracy and reliability. Inaccurate data can lead to misguided policies and ineffective programs. To address this, statistical agencies must adhere to stringent standards and employ rigorous methodologies. The use of technology has significantly improved the accuracy of data collection. Advanced statistical software, data analytics tools, and digital surveys have made it easier to collect and analyze large volumes of data. However, technology alone is not enough. Proper training and capacity building for statisticians and data collectors are essential to maintain data quality.

In a rapidly changing world, the timeliness and relevance of data are critical. Outdated data can render statistical analysis useless for current decision-making. Therefore, statistical agencies must strive to collect and disseminate data in a timely manner. The advent of real-time data collection methods, such as mobile surveys and online data portals, has enhanced the ability to gather and analyze data quickly. These methods allow for the continuous updating of data, ensuring that policymakers have access to the most current information.

With the increasing reliance on digital data collection, concerns about data privacy and security have become paramount. Protecting the confidentiality of personal information is crucial to maintain public trust and ensure the integrity of statistical data. Statistical agencies must implement robust data protection measures to safeguard sensitive information. This includes using encryption, secure data storage, and strict access controls. Additionally, transparency in data collection practices and clear communication about how data will be used can help alleviate privacy concerns.

As India continues to evolve as a major global player, the role of statistics will only become more significant. The future of statistics in India lies in embracing new technologies, fostering collaboration, and building a culture of data-driven decision-making. The digital revolution has transformed the field of statistics. Big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning are opening new frontiers in data analysis and interpretation. These technologies enable statisticians to handle massive datasets, uncover hidden patterns, and make more accurate predictions. In India, initiatives like the Digital India campaign are driving the adoption of digital technologies across various sectors. The use of AI and machine learning in statistical analysis can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data collection and interpretation, providing deeper insights for policy-making.

Collaboration between government agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector is essential for advancing the field of statistics. Partnerships can facilitate the exchange of knowledge, resources, and best practices, leading to improved data collection and analysis. The Indian government has taken steps to foster collaboration through initiatives like the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP), which promotes the sharing of government data with the public. Such initiatives encourage transparency and innovation, enabling researchers and policymakers to leverage data for social and economic development.

Promoting a culture of data-driven decision-making is crucial for harnessing the full potential of statistics. This involves not only equipping policymakers with the necessary tools and knowledge but also raising public awareness about the importance of data. Educational programs and training workshops can help build statistical literacy among government officials, business leaders, and the general public. By fostering an appreciation for data and its applications, India can ensure that decisions at all levels are informed by reliable and accurate information.

National Statistics Day is more than just a tribute to a great statistician; it is a celebration of the power of data in shaping a better future. As India commemorates this day, it is an opportunity to acknowledge the critical role of statistics in governance, economic development, healthcare, and social progress. The legacy of Professor P.C. Mahalanobis serves as an inspiration to continue striving for excellence in the field of statistics. By embracing new technologies, fostering collaboration, and building a culture of data-driven decision-making, India can harness the power of statistics to achieve its developmental goals and improve the quality of life for all its citizens. As we celebrate National Statistics Day, let us remember that behind every statistic lies a story – a story of progress, challenges, and opportunities. It is through the diligent work of statisticians that these stories are told, guiding us towards a brighter and more informed future.

Dr Aashaq Hussain Bhat, an Assistant Professor at the University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab (140413), is dedicated to the importance of scientific advancement for societal well-being. He can be reached at [email protected]

Dr Aashaq Hussain Bhat