The burden of chronic kidney diseases in India cannot be accurately assessed. The approximate prevalence of CKD is 800 per million population (pmp), and the incidence of end-stage renal disease is around 150-200 pmp. The most common cause of kidney disease is diabetes and high blood pressure. Both diseases are related to our genetics and lifestyle; hence, the emphasis is on keeping our diabetes and blood pressure under control with medicines, exercise, and a blend of healthy food. Blood pressure not only needs to be judiciously controlled but whether it’s secondary to kidney disease also needs to be ruled out. Young people developing high BP, especially, need to be screened for underlying kidney diseases. Often, people feel depressed once diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD); hence, the whole idea of doctors is now to focus on a holistic approach when dealing with CKD. This involves dietary changes, avoiding painkillers, quitting smoking, and promptly referring to a nephrologist once diagnosed with diabetes, high BP, or any form of CKD. Certain kidney diseases are controllable/treatable; hence, the need to promptly diagnose the disease and treat it.
Preventive strategies play a pivotal role in dealing with CKD. Regular health check-ups play an integral role in screening for CKD during the early phase, which I think should be inculcated in schools, colleges at entry level and while joining a new job or organization. Since treating a CKD patient is more expensive, these screening strategies will definitely reduce the financial burden on the patient and on society as a whole. Another neglected area in our country is the lack of physical activity/regular exercise. Regular exercise not only improves physical well-being but also acts as a stress buster for many patients. All these measures help in creating awareness in coping with kidney disease and allow the patient to deal with their disease with a positive mindset. Being in regular follow-up with one’s kidney physician helps the patient to discuss strategies not only to control their disease but also to formulate a planned way of dealing with their ailment. India being a big country with patients having varied dietary habits, diet plays a very important role when it comes to kidney diseases; hence, regular diet counseling for patients is crucial. Kidney diseases have a variable presentation; hence, tailor-made therapy is important for each kidney patient.
Dr Vishal Saxena is a Senior Director – Nephrology & Renal Transplantation, BLK-MAX Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi

Dr Vishal Saxena